Production, reproduction
"生产,再生产" means "production, reproduction" in Chinese.
"生产"also refers to the physical work that takes place in factories and workshops. It is this constant repetition of labour that maintains the vitality of productivity.
I explored the hereditary and endless labour and exploitation of the underclass in the context of contemporary capitalism from the perspective of the first and second generations of Chinese migrant workers who move from countryside to the city.
The first generation of migrant workers enter the city to do manual labour for a pittance, which does not result in better conditions for their children, and a large proportion of their offspring continue to do similar work when they move from the countryside to the city just after reaching adulthood. Some lucky second generations, who work in office buildings instead of construction sites and factories, are still exploited more harshly than others because of the unequal distribution of social and educational resources.
Another interesting conclusion is that, in addition to the proletariat, some of the broadly defined small or middle classes, face the same plight of endless exploitation.